Device (layout) cars VAZ-2106 and VAZ-2103

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Cars of the VAZ-2103 and VAZ-2106 families are models for the consistent development of the design of small cars "Zhiguli". They are distinguished by good dynamic qualities and comfort. At the same time, for the most complete satisfaction of customer requests, based on the base models VAZ-2103 and VAZ-2106, the plant produces modifications of cars that differ mainly in the installation of engines with a different cylinder capacity.

Layout (location of components and assemblies) cars VAZ-2103 and VAZ-2106 -classic, i.e. the engine is located in front along the center line of the car, and the rear wheels are driving. Torque from the engine is transmitted to the rear wheels through the transmission units, which include the clutch, gearbox, driveline, final drive, differential and rear axle shafts. The engine, together with the clutch and gearbox, forms a power unit, which is fixed to the car at three points on rubber mounts.

The design of cars takes into account the requirements of active and passive safety, which have always been given great attention at the Volga Automobile Plant. Cars meet all safety requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

Engine

The cars are equipped with unified VAZ engines of various capacities depending on the car model or its modification. Engines - four-stroke, carburetor, in-line, with an overhead camshaft.

The engine lubrication system is equipped with a full-flow oil filter 10 and is designed for the use of special oils with a complex of additives that give the oil high lubricating properties, oxidation resistance and allow operation in a wide temperature range. The crankcase ventilation system is of a closed type, ensures the suction of gases from the crankcase into the intake pipeline and increases the durability of the engine.


Cooling system - liquid, closed type. A body heater is included in the engine cooling system, into which liquid enters from the cylinder head through a valve and is discharged to the pump. Coolant - special with a low boiling point, does not affect metals and rubber. The fluid is filled at the factory and does not need to be changed for two years.

The engine power supply system includes an air filter 17, a carburetor, a fuel pump 11 with a manual fuel pump lever and a fuel tank. The downdraft carburetor has two mixing chambers in series.

The carburetor is equipped with a high-efficiency dry-type air filter, which has a paper filter element with an additional cleaner made of non-woven synthetic fiber. The fuel tank 20 is located in the trunk.

The exhaust system is equipped with three mufflers arranged in series. The system nodes connected by clamps are attached to the floor of the body with two rubber straps on the body of the main muffler and with a rubber cushion for the exhaust pipe.

Transmission

Clutch - single-disk dry with a diaphragm pressure spring and a torsional vibration damper (damper) on the slave drive. The clutch is controlled by a foot pedal with a servo-spring and hydraulic drive.

Transmission

Gearbox 46 has four forward gears and one reverse gear. On vehicles in a variant version, a five-speed gearbox can be installed. All forward gears are equipped with synchronizers, which, before the gears are turned on, equalize the rotation speeds of the connected parts. The selected gear ratios provide confident starting, good acceleration and high efficiency.


The cardan gear transmits torque from the gearbox to the main gear and consists of two shafts with an intermediate support 43, a rubber clutch and two cardan joints on needle bearings.

The main gear and differential are located in the rear axle housing. Main gear - conical, hypoid gearing, differential - two-satellite.

Steering

The steering consists of a steering mechanism and a steering gear that transmits the driver's effort to the steered wheels. The steering gearbox is a worm gear with a globoidal worm and a double-ridged roller. The gear ratio of the gearbox is 16.4. The steering drive is three-link, it includes one middle and two lateral symmetrical rods, a bipod, a pendulum and rotary levers.

Front wheel suspension

The suspension of the front wheels is independent, on transverse levers, with coil springs, double-acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers and an anti-roll bar. Shock absorbers are placed inside the springs.

Stamped upper and lower suspension arms 4 are connected to a forged stub axle via two ball joints.

With the help of rubber-metal hinges, axles, bolts and nuts, the lower levers are connected to the front suspension cross member, and the upper levers are connected to the supporting part of the body.

A torsion bar stabilizer bar reduces body roll when cornering and reduces body roll. It is connected to the body and lower control arms with brackets covering the rubber pads of the stabilizer bar.

Rear wheel suspension

The rear wheel suspension is dependent, with coil springs and double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers. It is a rigid beam (rear axle) 40 connected to the body by one transverse and four longitudinal bars 39. It has three compression buffers located at the ends of the rear axle beam and in the center. Shock absorbers 28 are installed outside the springs and are attached from above to the body, and from below - to the ends of the rear axle beam through conical rubber bushings.

Brakes

The brake system is equipped with a hydraulic drive to the wheel mechanisms, is controlled by a suspension type pedal and acts on all wheels. Parking and reserve system (emergency) braking (those. hand brake) controlled by lever 23 (pic. 2) and only applies to the rear wheels. This system has a mechanical cable drive.

Front brakes 2 - disc, consist of a disc and a caliper. The disc is attached to the wheel hub, and the caliper surrounding the brake disc is attached to a bracket mounted on the pivot pin. Inside the caliper are wheel hydraulic cylinders with pistons that transmit forces to pads with friction linings.

Rear brakes 39 - drum, with self-adjusting shoes, driven by a single master cylinder or by a mechanical drive lever. The aluminum drum of the rear brake contains a cast-iron working ring.

Hydraulic brake drive consists of two independent circuits (systems) braking front and rear wheels. Therefore, the reservoir has two containers for brake fluid, and two independent cavities with two pistons are made in the main cylinder. Two independent systems are introduced for safety: in case of damage to one of them (fluid leakage or pipeline damage), the second remains in effect. The pressure regulator present in the rear wire drive system reduces the likelihood of wheel lockup when braking.

Electrical equipment

The electrical equipment of vehicles is made according to a single-wire circuit, in which the negative terminals of current sources and consumers of electricity are connected to "weight", acting as the second wire.

The current sources in the system are an alternating current generator of the G-221 type with a built-in semiconductor rectifier and a lead storage battery of the 6ST-55 type.

To start the engine, a ST-221 starter with an electromagnetic traction relay and a roller overrunning clutch is used.

The ignition system includes an ignition coil, an ignition distributor with an interrupter, a centrifugal automatic machine and a vacuum ignition timing corrector, high and low voltage wires, spark plugs and an ignition switch.

The system of lighting and light signaling of cars provides near and far illumination of the road, designation of the size of the car with signal lights, lighting of instrumentation and interior lighting of the body, as well as light signaling about the turn of the car and the operation of individual engine and car systems.

The main outdoor lighting devices are headlights, sidelights, side direction indicators, rear lights, reflectors and license plate lights.

The interior is illuminated by two ceiling lamps, which are switched on by switches located on the lamp housings. In addition, there are door switches on the pillars of the front and rear doors. When either door is opened, both lights come on.

On the instrument panel there is a tachometer, a speedometer with distance meters, a coolant temperature gauge, a fuel gauge with a reserve warning lamp and an oil pressure gauge with an insufficient pressure warning lamp. In addition, there are six control lamps in the speedometer and tachometer.

Car body

Car body - type "sedan", all-metal, load-bearing structure, i.e. one to which the power unit is attached (engine complete with gearbox and clutch) and all other components and mechanisms of the car. The body shell is a welded spatial truss, the main parts of which are sidewall struts, spars and floor sills, a roof side beam and various cross members. These box sections, combined with load-bearing interior and exterior panels and fittings, give the structure the required rigidity.

The front doors with a front hinge have two safety glass: the front one is swivel with a handle and a latch, the rear one is lowering, driven by the window lifter handle. The front doors are locked with a key from the outside and a button from the inside; the locked door can be opened with the inside handle.

The rear doors with a front hinge have two safety glasses: the front one is lowered with a handle drive, the rear one is fixed. The rear door lock has a lock. The door is locked from the inside with a button; a locked door cannot be opened with the inside handle. The locking device of each door consists of a lock, an internal lock drive with a handle, an external handle and a latch located on the body pillar.

windshield type "triplex", consisting of two layers of glass with a transparent plastic film between them, even when cracked, it remains transparent. Back and lateral glasses - safe, tempered.

The hood, which opens in the direction of vehicle movement, is hung on the body along the front edge and secured at the back at one point with a lock. The trunk is located in the rear of the body. The tailgate lock is locked and unlocked with a key. The trunk accommodates a spare wheel 37, a jack, as well as a set of driver's tools and accessories.

The front seats are separate with folding backrests and with a mechanism for adjusting the seat position and backrest tilt. The rear seat is fixed, solid.

Modifications of VAZ-2103 cars differ in the installation of engines of various capacities (see "Technical characteristics of cars").

The VAZ-2106 car differs from the VAZ-2103 by installing a more powerful engine with a working volume of 1.6 liters, internal and external body design, and a modified equipment layout. Modifications of the VAZ-21061 and VAZ-21065 differ from the VAZ-2106 by installing engines with a different displacement.

The VAZ-2106 modification is equipped with a 2106 engine, like the VAZ-2106 car, but is equipped with a five-speed gearbox and final drive with a gear ratio of 3.9. The VAZ-21065 can be equipped with a contactless ignition system and a carburetor 21053-1107010 (type "Solex"), halogen headlights, electrically heated rear window. In the body, the upholstery and headrests of the seats have been changed.