Generator operation

With the ignition off, the output voltage «IN» the voltage regulator is not supplied and there is no current in the excitation winding of the generator.

When the ignition is turned on, the output «IN» voltage regulator voltage is supplied from the battery 1 through the contacts «30» and «87» ignition relay 6, fuse «5» and through the pilot lamp 8 connected in parallel and the resistors 4 of the mounting block 3. The pilot lamp 8 is on, indicating that the excitation winding is powered by the battery.

The electric current flowing through the excitation winding creates a magnetic flux around the rotor poles. When the rotor rotates, then the south and then the north magnetic pole of the rotor passes under each stator tooth and the working magnetic flux passing through the stator teeth changes in magnitude and direction. This variable magnetic flux creates an electromotive force in the stator winding. The beak-shaped shape of the rotor pole pieces is chosen in such a way that it allows obtaining the shape of the electromotive force curve close to sinusoidal.

For a properly working generator, the voltage taken from three additional diodes 14 and acting on the output «IN» voltage regulator, equal to the voltage at the clamp «30». Therefore, there is no potential difference between the clamp «30» and conclusion «61» generator. The current through the control lamp 8 does not flow and it does not burn. The excitation winding is powered by three additional diodes 14, the battery is charged by the generator.

If the generator is faulty, then it either does not create voltage at all, or it is less than the voltage of the battery. Therefore, there is a potential difference between the clamp «30» and conclusion «61» generator, under the action of which current from the battery flows through the control lamp 8 and the excitation winding 11. The control lamp burns, signaling that the generator is faulty and the storage battery is discharged. To accurately control the voltage of the generator, a voltmeter 9 is used.

At a high rotor speed, when the generator voltage becomes more than 13.6... 14.6 V, the voltage regulator 10 is locked and the current does not pass through the field winding. The generator voltage drops, the regulator opens and again passes current through the excitation winding. The higher the frequency of rotation of the generator rotor, the longer the time of the closed state of the regulator, therefore, the more the voltage at the generator output decreases. The process of locking and unlocking the regulator occurs at a high frequency. Therefore, voltage fluctuations at the output of the generator are imperceptible and can practically be considered constant, maintained at a level of 13.6... 14.6 V.