Before starting a cold engine, it is necessary to check the braking of the car with a hand brake; neutral position of the gear lever.
If the carburetor engine has been idle for more than 2 days, then it is necessary to fill the carburetor float chamber with gasoline by pressing the manual pumping lever at least 8-10 times, and with a long break in work - and a large number of clicks. The main thing at the same time is to feel some effort when you press the lever.
carbureted engine «dozens» will start better if you press the gas pedal several times before starting it (throttle actuator). The injected gasoline in the intake manifold will be enriched, while it must be allowed to evaporate for a few seconds.
On a vehicle equipped with multiport injection, it is not necessary to press the gas pedal before starting the engine.
Start sequence:
- the clutch pedal is depressed, while the clutch is disconnected from the gearbox, which makes it easier to scroll the engine crankshaft,
- the ignition is turned on, by moving the ignition key to the first position, while the lamp «CHECK ENGINE» should light up and go out, which means that the engine control system is working. If this lamp is constantly on or does not light up, then the engine control system is faulty and it is better to check the engine,
- when the key is turned to the second position (pressure) the starter turns on, which scrolls the crankshaft. The key is held until the engine starts, but no more than 10 s,
- if the engine does not start, release the ignition key and the starter will turn off, the key will automatically return to position 1,
- be sure to give the battery 20-30 seconds to rest,
- after 20-30 seconds, turn on the starter again for 10 seconds; if the engine does not start after the second time, make a third attempt to start the engine, in case of failure, look for a malfunction in the engine.
When starting the engine in these conditions, it is not necessary to press the gas pedal. The specified time for starting the starter and resting the battery must be observed. Other time intervals lead to premature wear of the starter and battery,
- after starting the engine, release the clutch pedal; if at the same time the crankshaft speed decreases, then press the pedal again, and then slowly release it,
- during engine warm-up, the engine crankshaft speed increases and to reduce it, you must periodically press and release the gas pedal until stable engine operation is obtained; let it run for 1-3 minutes. In this case, the engine should warm up to a coolant temperature of 40-50°C.
Starting the engine in winter is more difficult the lower the temperature. At -25°C and below:
- engine oil thickens
- resistance to rotation of the crankshaft increases,
- evaporation and atomization of fuel worsens,
- the mixing of air and gasoline deteriorates,
- the capacity of the battery decreases, and consequently, its starting properties, the energy of the spark plug is weakened.
The main measures to ensure the engine start in these conditions:
- put the battery in a warm room overnight,
- use an additional battery to help the main battery, which must be connected in parallel with the main special tires or wires of large cross section with locks («cigarette lighters»); they are for sale, and it is desirable to have them,
- use special grades of oils and fuels,
- for more intensive heating of the engine and maintaining its thermal conditions, it is recommended to cover the ventilation grill in the battery with a thermal apron,
- start the engine as at -15°C.
When starting a cold engine, it is not recommended to keep the clutch engaged for a long time; it is advisable to warm up the carburetor engine on the spot to 40°C, and then carry out further warming up in motion at a low crankshaft speed.
It is advisable to warm up a carburetor engine with a semi-automatic start to 90°C, let it adjust so that the driving properties on a cold engine do not differ from the warm nominal state.
After starting a cold engine, turn on the heater to the minimum temperature or low fan speed. Only after the engine has warmed up, turn on the normal temperature. And on «top ten», which has recirculation, it is better to exclude the air supply to the heater from the outside while the engine is warming up. But not for long, otherwise the glass will start to fog up.
When starting a warm and hot engine, you must:
- put the ignition key in position 1, i.e. turn on the ignition,
- turn the ignition key to position 2 (pressure) - starter turns on
- do not press the gas pedal when starting the engine,
- turn on the starter.
Attention: after starting the engine, the key returned from position 2 to position 1, it must return by itself. Listen to the engine. There should be no extraneous loud noise.
When starting a warm engine, overexposure of the starter must not be allowed; turn it on when the engine is running quietly. Be able to distinguish whether the engine is running or not. When the engine warms up, it is necessary to maintain the required speed of the crankshaft by pressing the gas pedal, while drowning the choke engine button. Learn to feel the speed of the crankshaft by pressing the gas pedal with different efforts. Gas pedals have their own character.
Even experienced drivers, before starting to move on another car, check how the engine picks up speed depending on the pressure on the gas pedal. A novice driver should do this training before each start of movement. When the engine steadily increases the crankshaft speed when pressing the gas pedal, without «failures», you can finish warming up: it means that the power supply system is adjusted correctly, and you can start moving. Skillful use of the gas pedal, when you feel the change in the speed of the crankshaft with the slightest pressure on the gas pedal, will help you move smoothly, change gears silently and drive smoothly.
To stop a hot engine before shutting down, it is recommended to let the engine idle for 40-60 seconds, then turn off the ignition.