Car engine — device and description

On cars VAZ 2110, VAZ 2111, VAZ 2112, a gasoline, four-stroke, four-cylinder in-line engine with an overhead camshaft and liquid cooling is installed.

The cylinder block is cast iron, with cylinders bored in it. The internal cavities of the cylinder block for the coolant are formed during its casting, and the oil supply channels are made by drilling. At the bottom of the cylinder block are five crankshaft main bearings. The crankshaft main bearing caps are not interchangeable and are marked with the bearing serial number starting from the crankshaft pulley. In the cover of the second main bearing, two threaded holes are made for the oil intake mounting bolts. Steel-aluminum liners of main bearings are installed in the supports and covers. On both sides of the support of the third main bearing, sockets are made for installing thrust half rings that prevent axial movement of the crankshaft. The front half ring is steel-aluminum, the rear half ring is yellow ceramic-metal on both sides.

The pistons are made of aluminum alloy with steel inserts poured into them. In the bottom of each piston, four grooves are made for the valve plates. Each piston has two compression rings and one oil scraper ring. For correct orientation, the upper compression and oil scraper rings are labeled «VAZ» or «TOR» on the top plane. Lower compression ring of scraper type with a groove and a sharp edge on the lower plane. A spring expander is installed inside the oil scraper ring.

Piston pins - floating type, fixed in the pistons with two spring retaining rings.


Connecting rods - steel, forged, with removable covers. A steel-bronze bushing is pressed into the upper head of the connecting rod. The connecting rod caps are not interchangeable and only fit in one position on the connecting rod. The connecting rods and their caps are marked with the cylinder number.

From below, the crankcase is attached to the cylinder block.

Engine lubrication system - combined, under pressure and spray. The oil pump is an internal gear type driven by the front end of the crankshaft.

Through the oil intake, the pump takes oil from the oil pan and pumps it under pressure into the channels of the engine lubrication system. To check the oil level in the oil pan on the right side of the cylinder block (when viewed from the side of the crankshaft pulley) dipstick installed. The oil filter is full-flow, with a paper filter element and a check valve that prevents oil from flowing out of the lubrication system channels into the oil pan after the engine is stopped.

Oil jets are installed in the main bearings. Oil from the nozzles is supplied to the internal surfaces of the pistons to cool them. Part of the oil falls on the upper heads of the connecting rods and flows through the conical holes made in them onto the piston pins, lubricating them.

Channels are drilled in the body of the crankshaft. When the engine is running, oil from the block through the holes in the main bearing shells and main journals enters the crankshaft channels and flows through them to the connecting rod journals, lubricating them. Technological openings of the channels are closed with stamped steel plugs.


The flywheel is bolted to the crankshaft flange. The crankshaft is balanced with the flywheel. To connect the crankshaft to the flywheel in the required position, a mark is made on the flywheel.

On the left side of the block there is a cavity for installing a coolant pump and a tide for installing an oil filter.

On top of the cylinder block, an aluminum block head is installed through a special gasket. It contains two camshafts, 16 valves with guide bushings and seats, and 16 hydraulic pushers. The intake and exhaust camshafts are not interchangeable. The camshaft bearings are made in the cylinder head, and their covers are combined into a bearing housing mounted on the head. From above, the bearing housing is closed with a block head cover with an oil deflector and an oil filler neck.

The camshafts and the coolant pump are driven by a toothed belt from the crankshaft. To guide the belt along the pulleys, a guide roller is installed, the belt tension is carried out by a tension roller. The generator is driven by a V-ribbed belt from the crankshaft pulley.

Features of the device engine VAZ 2112 (1,5i)

(in comparison with the VAZ 2111 engine)

The VAZ 2112 engine is 16-valve, with a working volume of 1.5 liters, developed on the basis of the VAZ 2111 engine. The cylinder diameter is 82 mm, the piston stroke is 71 mm, the compression ratio is 10.5; power - 90.7 hp

The cylinder block of the VAZ 2112 engine is the same as that of the VAZ 2111 engine, the cylinder head is original with two camshafts. It consists of the block head itself, the bearing housing, four spark plug guide tubes and a cover.


To control the tension and condition of the timing belt, its front cover has a window closed with a removable plug.

Attention. A broken timing belt causes the piston to hit the valves. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the condition of the belt and replace it in a timely manner.

The inlet pipeline and the receiver are made of aluminum alloy and are interconnected by means of rubber couplings. The ignition module is mounted on the cylinder head cover. The exhaust manifold is cast iron, its connection to the block head is sealed with a two-layer metal gasket.

Features of the device engine VAZ 21124 (1,6i)

(in comparison with the VAZ 2112 engine)

The VAZ 21124 engine is a 16-valve, 1.6-liter engine, developed on the basis of the VAZ 2112 engine. The cylinder diameter is 82 mm, the piston stroke is 75.6 mm; compression ratio - 10.3; power 89 hp

The VAZ 21124 engine has a cylinder block increased in height by 2.3 mm and an original crankshaft. Deeper grooves are made on the bottoms of the pistons, which slightly reduces the compression ratio, but eliminates the possibility of the piston hitting the valves. The cylinder head has been redesigned: the spark plug guide tubes are made directly in the cylinder head. The receiver and the inlet pipeline are one-piece, made of plastic as a single block. Exhaust manifold - steel, combined with a catalyst (catalytic converter). Its connection with the head is sealed with a two-layer metal gasket. The ignition module has been replaced by four ignition coils installed in the spark plug wells. The front timing belt cover is without inspection window and is divided into two parts.

Note. On the VAZ 2112 engine (1,5) the cylinder head has removable spark plug guide tubes; exhaust manifold without catalytic converter (catalytic converter); instead of four ignition coils, an ignition module is installed; the inlet module consists of two separate elements - the receiver and the pipeline.