The car uses a mechanical transmission, which includes: clutch, gearbox, transfer case, cardan gears, main gears, differentials (interwheel and interaxle) and drive wheels.
On fig. 25 shows a schematic diagram of a car transmission «Niva» VAZ-2121.
Pic. 25. Schematic diagram of the transmission:
1 - engine; 2 - clutch; 3 - gearbox; 4, 7, 13 - cardan gears; 5 - transfer box; 6 - center differential; 8 - rear axle; 9 - main gear; 10 - cross-axle differential; 11, 16 - drive wheels; 12 - wheel sculpture; 14 - front axle; 15 - front wheels.
Torque from the engine through clutch 2 is transmitted to gearbox 3, where it changes in accordance with the gear engaged. From the gearbox, the torque is transmitted through the cardan gear 4 to the transfer box 5, in which it is distributed between the front 14 and rear 8 driving axles of the vehicle equally by the center differential 6. From the transfer case, the torque through the cardan gears 7 and 13 is supplied to the main gears of the 9 drive axles, in which it increases, and further through differentials 10 and drives 11, 16 to the drive wheels. In cross-axle differentials 10, the moment is distributed equally between the right and left wheels of each axle. The drive of the driving wheels of the rear axle includes only the axle shafts. The front axle wheel drive consists of two cardan gears, each of which has two cardan joints. This provides the possibility of supplying torque to the front drive and steered wheels.